Regular and irregular verbs

The past tense of regular verbs in English is usually formed by -ed ending. It is the same for all persons, singular and plural: I started, you started, he started, we played, they played.

We add -d (not -ed) to the regular verbs that end with -e: like - liked, love - loved.
If it ends with a consonant and -y, we change -y into -i: carry - carried, try - tried.
But we do not change the spelling in words such as play - played, because it ends with a vowel and -y.
If the word has only one syllable and ends with a vowel and a consonant, we double the consonant to keep the same pronunciation: stop - stopped, grab - grabbed. The same rule applies to the  -l ending: travel - travelled, shovel - shovelled. 

The regular verbs have the same past participle form. It is used in perfect tenses and passive voice: I have started, you had started, he will have started, it was started.

There are three irregular verb forms in English – the base form (or so called bare infinitive), past tense (or preterite) and past participle (for example: do – did –done, draw – drew - drawn, fly - flew - flown). There are hundreds of irregular forms in English. You can find the most frequently used irregular verb forms in the list below. (Our tip: If you cannot find the word you are looking for, you can have a look at our pdf list, which is a little bit longer and which you can download on your computer and print easily.)

You can practise the past simple of regular and irregular verbs in three online interactive exercises with answers:
 
exercise 1, exercise 2exercise 3
 
You can practise past simple and past participle forms in two online exercises:
 
exercise 4exercise 5
 

► Printable PDF LIST 

A - C
awake-awoke-awoken, be-was/were-been, bear-bore-born, beat-beat-beaten, begin-began-begun, bend-bent-bent, bet-bet-bet, bid-bid-bid/bid-bad-bidden, bind-bound-bound, bite-bit-bitten, bleed-bled-bled, blow-blew-blown, break-broke-broken, breed-bred-bred, bring-brought-brought, broadcast-broadcast-broadcast, build-built-built, burn-burnt-burnt, burst-burst-burst, buy-bought-bought, can-could, cast-cast-cast, catch-caught-caught, choose-chose-chosen, cling-clung-clung, come-came-come, cost-cost-cost, creep-crept-crept, cut-cut-cut
D - F
deal-dealt-dealt, dig-dug-dug, do-did-done, draw-drew-drawn, dream-dreamt-dreamt, drink-drank-drunk, drive-drove-driven, dwell-dwelt-dwelt, eat-ate-eaten, fall-fell-fallen, feed-fed-fed, feel-felt-felt, fight-fought-fought, find-found-found, flee-fled-fled, fly-flew-flown, forbid-forbad(e)-forbidden, forecast-forecast-forecast, forget-forgot-forgotten, forsake-forsook-forsaken, freeze-froze-frozen, get-got-got, give-gave-given, go-went-gone, grind-ground-ground, grow-grew-grown
H - R
hang-hung-hung, have-had-had, hear-heard-heard, hide-hid-hidden, hit-hit-hit, hold-held-held, hurt-hurt-hurt, keep-kept-kept, kneel-knelt-knelt, know-knew-known, lay-laid-laid, lead-led-led, lean-leant-leant, leap-leapt-leapt, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lend-lent-lent, let-let-let, lie-lay-lain, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, mean-meant-meant, meet-met-met, pay-paid-paid, put-put-put, read-read-read, ride-rode-ridden, ring-rang-rung, rise-rose-risen, run-ran-run
S
say-said-said, see-saw-seen, seek-sought-sought, sell-sold-sold, send-sent-sent, set-set-set, shake-shook-shaken, shine-shone-shone, shoot-shot-shot, show-showed-shown, shrink-shrank-shrunk, shut-shut-shut, sing-sang-sung, sink-sank-sunk, sit-sat-sat, sleep-slept-slept, slide-slid-slid, smell-smelt-smelt, speak-spoke-spoken, speed-sped-sped, spend-spent-spent, spin-spun-spun, spit-spat-spat, split-split-split, spoil-spoilt-spoit, spread-spread-spread, stand-stood-stood, steal-stole-stolen, stick-stuck-stuck, sting-stung-stung, stink-stank-stunk, strike-struck-struck, swear-swore-sworn, sweep-swept-swept, swim-swam-swum, swing-swung-swung
T -W
take-took-taken, teach-taught-taught, tear-tore-torn, tell-told-told, think-thought-thought, throw-threw-thrown, thrust-thrust-thrust, wake-woke-woken, wear-wore-worn, weave-wove-woven, weep-wept-wept, win-won-won, wind-wound-wound, write-wrote-written

 

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